Study of Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy

The term ‘Ectopic pregnancy’ refers to the pregnancy that implants outside the uterine cavity). This work is aimed at the clinical study of diagnosis and management of 35 cases of ectopic pregnancy over a period of two and a half years. The main aims of the study are (1) to evaluate the efficacy of the various modalities of diagnosis, and (2) to determine the best treatment option depending on the severity of presentation. A combination of accurate history, meticulous physical examination, serum β-HCG levels, culdocentesis and ultrasound will aid in early diagnosis. Management of the cases depends on the severity of the presentation. Conservative approach includes medical management with methotrexate or laparoscopic salpingostomy. Laparotomy involving salpingectomy was done in ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Asymptomatic Bacteriuriain Pregnant Women: Screening Bya Simple Method and Treatment with Single Dose Antimicrobial Therapy

The term asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy indicates persistent actively multiplying bacteria within the urinary tract without showing any symptom in pregnancy. A total of 500 pregnant women were screened for the incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria by comparing the reliability of urine dip stick evaluation for nitrites and leukocyte esterase activity with that of urine culture in diagnosing asymptomaticbacteriuria. The efficacy of single dose antimicrobial therapy (2 g of Cephalexin or 3 g of Amoxycillin) was evaluated for eradicating asymptomatic bacteriuria. The incidence was found to be 9.2% among the 500 cases in the study group. The dip stick screening could detect the bacteriuric patients correctly in 89.1% of cases. Single dose therapy cured 76.1% of asymptomatic bacteriuria patients. Amoxycillin was found to be more effective when compared to Cephalexin as a single dose antimicrobial therapy.